超級商場已經過剩

早 年 香 港 人 購 物 消 費 的 習 慣 是 出 銅 鑼 灣 、 尖 沙 咀 、 旺 角 等 傳 統 商 業 區 活 動 , 主 要 是 行 街 遊 覽 窗 櫥 陳 列 。 後 來 出 現 了 海 運 這 類 較 大 型 的 商 場 , 發 覺 有 一 定 的 優 勢 : 全 場 冷 氣 開 放 , 不 用 行 街 舖 一 樣 , 時 出 時 入 , 一 冷 一 熱 , 很 容 易 傷 風 感 冒 ; 而 且 超 級 商 場 貨 品 齊 備 , 又 有 戲 院 , 又 有 食 肆 , 進 了 去 可 以 消 磨 大 半 天 , 成 了 假 日 的 好 去 處 。 超 級 商 場 的 成 功 很 快 獲 得 零 售 業 界 的 認 同 , 紛 紛 遷 入 經 營 , 一 些 人 流 多 的 商 場 舖 , 其 可 爭 取 到 的 租 金 甚 至 高 過 旺 區 街 舖 ; 有 些 受 歡 迎 的 大 場 , 很 多 時 要 輪 候 多 年 才 有 機 會 進 場 。 於 是 發 展 商 紛 紛 找 機 會 興 建 超 級 商 場 , 以 打 破 街 舖 櫥 窗 面 積 的 天 然 局 限 , 大 大 增 加 商 業 旺 區 的 效 益 。 
之 後 , 超 級 商 場 更 向 新 市 鎮 進 軍 , 沙 田 的 新 城 市 廣 場 就 是 一 個 極 成 功 的 例 子 。 今 天 , 差 不 多 每 一 個 新 市 鎮 都 有 自 己 的 超 級 商 場 , 馬 鞍 山 有 , 將 軍 澳 有 , 屯 門 元 朗 也 一 樣 有 。 
不 但 區 區 都 有 , 而 且 內 裏 出 售 的 商 品 來 來 去 去 都 是 來 自 那 幾 條 大 連 鎖 店 。 去 那 一 個 商 場 的 分 別 已 不 太 大 。 於 是 商 場 與 商 場 之 間 的 競 爭 越 來 越 白 熱 化 , 傳 統 旺 區 的 商 場 漸 失 去 他 的 優 越 地 位 。 
發 展 商 大 量 興 建 商 場 , 已 令 每 年 的 落 成 量 遠 超 市 場 的 需 要 。 由 九 三 年 至 九 七 年 , 發 展 商 共 建 了 一 千 一 百 七 十 二 萬 呎 商 業 樓 宇 , 但 市 場 只 吸 納 了 四 百 八 十 二 萬 呎 , 即 只 及 供 應 量 的 四 成 左 右 , 令 空 置 率 升 近 二 位 數 字 。 
金 融 風 暴 之 後 , 港 人 的 消 費 能 力 大 降 , 但 商 場 仍 在 不 斷 落 成 。 連 鎖 店 的 經 營 者 已 很 清 楚 , 他 們 每 進 駐 一 個 新 商 場 , 只 會 分 薄 了 現 有 在 其 他 場 的 商 舖 的 生 意 , 而 不 一 定 能 夠 令 整 體 營 業 額 上 升 , 相 反 經 營 成 本 卻 因 此 而 增 加 , 令 邊 際 利 潤 進 一 步 下 降 。 連 鎖 店 進 駐 新 場 , 目 的 在 於 與 行 家 競 爭 多 於 為 了 增 加 生 意 利 潤 。 
然 而 , 零 售 業 負 擔 租 金 的 能 力 , 最 終 受 制 於 它 的 盈 利 能 力 。 發 展 商 再 廣 建 商 場 的 結 果 , 只 會 令 他 們 能 從 零 售 業 收 到 的 整 體 租 金 下 降 , 可 謂 吃 力 不 討 好 。 可 惜 商 場 不 能 如 其 他 過 剩 的 商 品 那 樣 任 意 加 以 毀 棄 , 否 則 拿 去 垃 圾 堆 填 區 都 好 過 互 相 頂 爛 市 。