既反對政府干預 就應反對居屋

聽 一 個 電 台 節 目 的 主 持 人 談 他 對 房 委 會 新 措 施 的 意 見 ， 覺 得 他 的 立 論 自 相 矛 盾 ， 難 以 成 立 ； 但 後 來 卻 發 覺 持 這 種 論 調 的 人 很 多 ， 所 以 覺 得 值 得 在 這 裏 討 論 一 下 。 這 位 主 持 人 說 ： 他 最 反 對 政 府 干 預 市 場 ， 減 推 居 屋 ， 應 看 市 場 有 沒 有 需 求 才 是 ， 不 應 因 為 有 人 負 資 產 就 減 少 居 屋 的 供 應 ， 這 會 令 很 多 想 買 居 屋 的 人 買 不 到 。 
如 果 這 位 主 持 人 贊 成 政 府 有 責 任 幫 助 市 民 買 樓 置 業 ， 那 麼 他 反 對 政 府 減 少 居 屋 供 應 ， 可 謂 理 所 當 然 ， 大 家 立 場 不 同 ， 我 也 懶 得 與 他 辯 論 ， 但 他 偏 要 扮 自 由 經 濟 的 支 持 者 ， 說 他 最 反 對 政 府 干 預 ， 在 這 個 前 題 下 ， 他 下 半 段 的 結 論 就 極 之 荒 謬 。 興 建 居 屋 本 身 就 是 一 種 干 預 市 場 的 做 法 ， 怎 可 能 一 方 面 反 對 政 府 干 預 ， 但 另 一 方 面 又 支 持 政 府 去 建 居 屋 。 
信 仰 自 由 經 濟 的 人 ， 相 信 透 過 價 格 的 變 動 ， 自 可 以 調 節 市 場 的 供 求 ， 政 府 無 需 自 己 去 興 建 居 屋 ， 以 補 市 場 的 不 足 。 發 展 商 要 賣 樓 ， 就 得 按 照 買 家 的 購 買 力 去 訂 價 。 樓 價 太 高 ， 高 至 無 人 買 得 起 時 ， 發 展 商 自 然 只 好 減 價 。 除 非 發 展 商 聯 手 囤 積 居 奇 ， 否 則 政 府 不 用 出 手 干 涉 。 香 港 國 際 資 金 雲 集 ， 發 展 商 根 本 不 可 能 一 致 行 動 。 在 有 足 夠 的 自 由 競 爭 之 下 ， 個 別 發 展 商 根 本 不 可 能 控 制 價 錢 。 近 年 樓 價 大 跌 ， 已 足 以 証 明 ， 發 展 商 其 實 沒 有 控 制 價 格 的 能 力 。 
其 實 ， 只 要 政 府 能 提 供 足 夠 的 土 地 供 應 ， 發 展 商 就 會 按 市 場 的 需 求 ， 不 斷 提 供 新 的 住 宅 單 位 ， 根 本 不 需 自 己 去 建 居 屋 。 只 要 有 利 可 圖 ， 甲 發 展 商 不 建 ， 自 有 乙 發 展 商 去 建 ； 本 地 的 發 展 商 不 建 ， 自 有 外 地 的 來 建 ， 無 需 擔 心 長 期 性 的 供 應 不 足 。 
反 之 ， 自 從 興 建 居 屋 後 ， 私 人 發 展 商 的 市 場 被 人 為 地 縮 少 。 令 私 人 發 展 商 所 建 的 單 位 ， 集 中 地 向 社 會 上 少 數 高 收 入 人 仕 作 銷 售 對 象 ， 私 人 住 宅 的 樓 價 自 然 可 以 訂 得 較 高 。 如 果 私 人 發 展 商 的 銷 售 對 象 包 括 居 屋 的 買 家 在 內 ， 而 不 是 少 數 高 收 入 人 仕 ， 那 他 們 就 只 好 調 低 他 們 的 售 價 ， 以 適 應 更 多 人 的 購 買 力 。 發 展 商 銷 售 的 對 象 越 廣 泛 ， 他 們 面 對 的 平 均 購 買 力 就 越 低 ， 樓 價 就 不 可 能 企 在 較 高 的 水 平 上 。 九 七 時 樓 價 之 所 以 能 夠 升 得 這 麼 高 ， 其 中 一 個 原 因 就 是 居 屋 及 夾 屋 令 私 人 市 場 縮 細 了 。 可 見 興 建 居 屋 本 身 就 是 一 種 扭 曲 自 由 市 場 的 行 為 ， 支 持 自 由 市 場 的 人 ， 沒 有 理 由 同 時 又 支 持 居 屋 。 
那 位 主 持 人 還 說 ， 居 屋 有 這 麼 多 人 申 請 ， 反 映 市 場 有 需 求 ， 有 需 求 就 不 應 減 少 供 應 。 這 種 說 法 更 加 荒 謬 。 居 屋 市 場 根 本 不 是 自 由 市 場 ， 它 的 需 求 多 少 決 定 於 政 府 提 供 的 折 讓 多 少 。 以 四 成 的 折 扣 率 出 售 ， 需 求 自 然 比 真 正 的 市 場 多 ， 如 果 肯 增 加 折 扣 ， 我 敢 保 證 申 請 一 定 更 為 踴 躍 。 問 題 為 什 麼 要 讓 房 委 會 主 觀 地 去 制 定 這 個 折 扣 率 呢 ？ 如 果 官 員 的 判 斷 真 能 比 市 場 自 行 調 節 好 ， 社 會 主 義 就 不 會 失 敗 了 。 
我 發 覺 得 很 多 表 面 上 標 榜 反 共 的 人 士 ， 心 底 裏 的 思 想 方 式 ， 仍 然 是 十 分 社 會 主 義 的 。 他 們 就 是 不 相 信 市 場 機 制 ， 不 相 信 透 過 自 由 競 爭 可 以 帶 給 人 們 更 多 的 公 平 ， 更 多 追 求 幸 福 的 空 間 。 希 望 促 使 政 府 予 人 民 更 多 福 利 的 追 求 ， 其 實 就 是 海 耶 克 所 說 的 通 往 奴 役 之 路 。